Ancient DNA
نویسنده
چکیده
Ancient DNA is a field of molecular evolutionary biology that usesDNA sequence data recovered frompoorly preserved organisms, usually deceased for hundreds to hundreds of thousands of years. Ancient DNA data can provide unique snapshots in time to better understand how populations and species evolve. The field was born in the early 1980s,when thefirst ancientDNAsequences were recovered from preserved muscle of a quagga, a relative of the zebra, which had been extinct for nearly 100 years. Although the early days of ancientDNAwere marked by a few spectacular but flawed results, the field has matured into a robust, internally rigorous scientific pursuit with the potential to provide real insight into the mechanisms of evolution at both the species and the population level. Ancient DNA has benefited in particular from recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and from the development of analytical techniques that take advantage of the evolutionary information gained by sampling genetic data over both space and time.
منابع مشابه
Ancient DNA from Human and Animal
Research on ancient DNA (aDNA) has the potential to enable molecular biologists and archeologists to decipher certain aspects of history by direct looking into the past. However, several major problems in this field limit the applicability of aDNA studies, most importantly contamination with modern DNA and postmortem DNA degradation. In this study we extracted and analyzed aDNA obtained from ~3...
متن کاملAchievements and Peculiarities in Studies of Ancient DNA and DNA from Complicated Forensic Specimens
Studies of ancient DNA specimens started 25 years ago. At that time short mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments were the main targets in ancient DNA studies. The last three years were especially productive in the development of new methods of DNA purification and analysis. Complete mtDNA molecules and relatively large fragments of nuclear DNA are the targets of ancient DNA studies today. Ancient ...
متن کاملThe First Complete Human Paleogenome 255 2.1.4 Human and Neandertal Paleogenomics 255 2.2 the Black Death and Insights into Ancient Plagues 257 2.3 Reconstruction and Selection of Ancient Phenotypes 258 2.4 Epigenetics of Ancient Species 260
1 Reconstructing Paleogenomes 245 1.1 Ancient DNA 245 1.1.1 The Nature of Ancient DNA 245 1.1.2 The Common Effects of DNA Damage 246 1.2 The Recovery and Sequencing of Ancient DNA 246 1.2.1 Ancient DNA Extraction 246 1.2.2 DNA Library Preparation 247 1.2.3 Capture-Based Target Enrichment 248 1.2.4 Quantification of aDNA and Sequencing 249 1.3 Assembly and Analysis of a Paleogenome 250 1.3.1 Ini...
متن کاملPartial uracil-DNA-glycosylase treatment for screening of ancient DNA.
The challenge of sequencing ancient DNA has led to the development of specialized laboratory protocols that have focused on reducing contamination and maximizing the number of molecules that are extracted from ancient remains. Despite the fact that success in ancient DNA studies is typically obtained by screening many samples to identify a promising subset, ancient DNA protocols have not, in ge...
متن کاملComputational Approaches to Ancient Genome Analysis
Recent advancements in sequencing technologies have made it possible to sequence large quantities of the DNA preserved in ancient remains. This DNA differs from modern DNA in three key aspects. First, the DNA is fragmented into short molecules. Second, the DNA is damaged leading to misreads bases during sequencing. Last, molecules from the ancient species are mixed with molecules from microbial...
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